Indian Boarding Schools

Indian Boarding Schools Introduction In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the U. S. government opened many schools for Indians or Native American children in order to introduce Euro-American standards (Harley, 1994).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Indian Boarding Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to reflect on the events that led to the establishment of the schools, what life was at these schools and their effects on Indian populations, this is in regard to the larger context of the Native American Experience and propose mechanisms of dealing with the effects. Establishment of Indian boarding schools Indian boarding schools were primarily established in order to kill the Indian culture and ensure that they adopt a Euro-American culture that was completely alien to them. There are several other reasons why the Indian boarding school was established, such as weakening families by taking their children away (Smith, 2010). Indian boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries, who had the sole intention to provide education for the native people, â€Å"The Carlisle Indian Industrial School established by a US Army officer Richard Henry Pratt† was the first school to adopt total assimilation of the Indian culture (Smith, 2010, p. 34). The school was built in 1879 at a military facility and its curriculum was based on what was taught in prison. The school was established following Pratt’s successful teaching â€Å"experiments† on young Indian prisoners (Smith, 2010, p. 35). Schools were widely used as a way of â€Å"civilizing† Indians mainly by the church (Monaghan, 2005, p. 56). The rationalizations of the â€Å"manifest destiny† and the doctrine of â€Å"discovery† were widely used as an excuse by the European settlers to commit atrocities on the Native Americans (Pease, 1986). The Christian belief of manifest destiny wa s used as a prelude in the expansion and colonization of the Americas (Harley, 1994). Basing on this belief, the missionaries felt obliged to spread the gospel to the natives, who, after being softened through Christian ideals, would be colonized by the European settlers. Seemingly, the initial boarding schools established by missionaries were not only meant to impart civilization but also serve as means of achieving the divine mission of spreading the gospel.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The doctrine of â€Å"discovery† was a major source of friction and some of its aspects are still present in the current United States property rights (Smith, 2010, p. 45). This doctrine was used to validate the claim that Europeans discovered empty land in the America’s.The Native Americans had a communal land ownership system. The Europeans had embraced individua l land ownership practices. Boarding schools were therefore used to change the Native American’s cultureand the communal land practices by extension. The boarding school experience Life in the Indian boarding schools was tough, several victims told about the horrifying experience they went through at the boarding schools. Bill, who belongs to the Pattwin Indian group, remembers that he was sent to the boarding school while aged only six years (Harley, 1994). He remembers a sad experience which filled an everyday life of the boarding school. He remembers being bathed in Kerosene by matrons and having his head shaved against the Indian culture. In what can be regarded as transforming Indians inside and out, it’s seen that all aspects of the Indian culture were forbidden. Different accounts provided by individuals who went through the schools show that the Native Americans denied everything that pertained to their culture, from wearing long hair to speaking their language . The Indian children’s names were changed and they were not allowed to go home to their parents to ensure a cultural disconnection. The aim of the government was to replace the Indian culture, indeed as stated by Pratt â€Å"the only good Indian is a dead one† (Monaghan, 2005, p. 23). This implied that the Indian culture had to be killed. The methods advanced by Pratt and fellow minded Americans were geared towards ensuring that assimilation was gained through total immersion (Pease, 1986).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Indian Boarding Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim was to â€Å"kill the Indian culture in the Indians and save them† (Smith, 2010, p. 67). History says that Pratt organized the education of some young Native Americans after he had encountered them at a prison in Florida (Smith, 2010). It’s said that Pratt saw positive changes in the Indians aft er teaching them English, some basic economic skills and ways to govern themselves. It was the main reason to establish several boarding schools and kill the Indian culture, as well as ensure that Indians are assimilated into the popular American culture. Therefore students were to be transformed in regard to â€Å"language, religion, family structure, economics, and emotional expression among others† (Smith, 2010, p. 13). However, things did not always go according to the plan as the children were later subjected to untold abuses. This can be compared to genocide in the sense that it purported to kill the Indian culture and ensure their forceful adoption of an alien culture. Several historical accounts indicate that students were abused in the boarding schools. The US government ran as many as 100 schools both on and of reservations (Harley, 1994). Young children were sometimes forcibly snatched from their parents. Many of them did not understand what was going on. The late Indian Activist Floyd Red Crow shared on how it felt to be taken away from his mother (Harley, 1994). He was taken as a young child from a reservation in South Dakota for the Wahpeton Indian Boarding School in North Dakota (Monaghan, 2005). He remembers seeing his mother cry as the bus took him away. It’s hard to imagine how hurting that was for him and his mother. Annual reports on Indian affairs seemed to suggest that Indians were savages who needed to be compelled by whatever means possible, to send their children to school (Smith, 2010).Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some parents just took their children to these boarding schools simply because there were no other schools for them. It’s important to note that most other public schools were closed for the Indian child. The federal schools were the only ones available to them and curriculum at these boarding schools was different. The curriculum in the public schools was focused on trades, for example boys studied carpentry, while girls curriculum included house keeping (Smith, 2010). There were no concepts in math or other science subjects. Thus, it can be said that, as much as the boarding schools were used to assimilate the Indians, the curriculum was not complete and was not meant to achieve total good for the Indian children. Punishment in the boarding schools was severe. There were accounts of abuses taking place in the boarding schools in form of beatings, food rationing and heavy labor. The federal government commissioned an investigation on the progress and policies towards the Ind ian boarding schools (Pease, 1986). The report provided in 1928 revealed the â€Å"problem of the Indian Administration† (Smith, 2010, p. 70). It showed that many of the children in the boarding schools were â€Å"overworked, harshly punished and poorly educated† (Smith, 2010, p. 71).This finding makes it hard to believe that the government was indeed committed to ensuring the assimilation of Indians. The care provided to the Indian children was inadequate in all aspects. In spite of the fact that the food provided was insufficient in both quantity and quality, young children aged between 10 and 12 were being subjected to heavy industrial work for up to four hours a day. A survey conducted in the 1960s shows that many teacher’s felt that their primary role was to civilize the Native Americans rather than to teach them. This indicates how the schools were institutionalized. The Kennedy administration declared the Indian education to be a national tragedy (Monagha n, 2005). The emotional impact caused on the Indian children who attended the boarding schools can be seen in some written accounts. For instance, one former student says that he can never forget when he saw his mother cry when he was taken away forcibly. To this date, there are still several factors that have not been properly addressed regarding the plight of Indians. These problems are often summed up as the â€Å"Indian Problem† and most of them pertain to their cultural practices and the land factor. As stated earlier, the doctrine of discovery is still very much in the US constitution (Pease, 1986). Conclusion This paper sought to reflect on the events that led to the establishment of the schools, how life was at the schools and their effects on Indian populations, this is in regard to the larger context of the Native American Experience and propose mechanisms on how to deal with the effects. It’s imperative that the government identifies new workable ways of dea ling with the issues affecting the Indians.The government should ensure that measures are undertaken to preserve the Indian culture. By extension, the Dakota and Ojibwe languages should be preserved through measures such as provision of support, promotion and encouragement by the federal government. References Harley, B. (1994). Readings in Diocesan Heritage Volume VIII St. Boniface Indian School. San Bernardino: Diocese of San Bernardino. Monaghan, E. (2005). Learning to Read and Write in Colonial America. Boston: University of Massachusetts. Pease, M. (1986). A Worthy Work in a Needy Time: The Montana Industrial School for Indians. Montana: M. Pease. Smith, A. (2010). Soul Wound: The legacy of Native American Schools. New york: Amnesty International.

4 Email Newsletter Examples and How to Effectively Emulate Them

4 Email Newsletter Examples and How to Effectively Emulate Them Every business owner (or marketer) knows that email marketing is one of  the best marketing channels today when it comes to ROI (an average ROI of $38  for every $1 spent). Knowing this, you’ve probably already started your own email list and have worked to grow it. You know the best times to send an email, and have played around with different email marketing ideas  to effectively reach your subscribers. According to Jeff Bullas, not all emails are created the same. Top performing marketing departments have 2.5x more ROI  than the average. What makes those emails different from the average? It’s a mix of a few factors- such as engagement and personalization- that marketers put a lot of work into getting right. In 2015, increasing subscriber engagement  was the top initiative for marketers when it came to email marketing, while for 2017, personalization  was a top concern. Even if you are getting good results from your current email marketing campaigns, there are certainly things that you can try to do even better. Let’s take a look at some top email marketing examples to draw inspiration from. Tool Tip: Did you know integrates with leading email service providers, so you can manage entire marketing campaigns all on one calendar? See how you can get more organized. Table of Contents: Spotify Uber Buzzfeed Dominos Spotify As a business that is well-known for their success in reaching users with personalized content, you can learn a lot about email marketing from Spotify. Every year, Spotify creates an end-of-year playlist for each of their subscribers and sends an email informing them about it. The email contains user-specific data showing the their most-played songs, top artists/genres, the total time they've spent listening to music on the platform, as well as the days they are most active during the week. The email finishes off with a link to the playlist Spotify made for them. Needless to say, users love this end-of-year wrap up and demonstrate their giddiness by sharing their results with friends, online. Source: https://www.impactbnd.com/hs-fs/hubfs/spotify%202016%20email.png?t=1519345402521width=727height=5152name=spotify%202016%20email.png 4 Email Newsletter Examples and How to Effectively Emulate Them for Your Business by @shane_barker...What You Can Learn From Spotify: The power of personalized content. Something as basic as a personalized subject line can increase email opens by 26%. Furthermore, personalized emails can deliver 6x higher transaction rates  and 74% of marketers report that personalized emails increase engagement. 4 Ways Make Your Emails More Personalized With Spotify as your guide, here are some tips to create more personalized emails: Automate emails to take action after triggers. According to Campaign Monitor, automated customer journeys are about sending the right information at the right time. Doing so shows the customer that you are paying attention- a resource that is otherwise in short supply! By immediately taking action right after a customer interacts with your website, you are helping them to reconnect and remember you. Leverage dynamic content. Some email marketing software providers offer a dynamic content  feature, which allows you to determine which users get to see a specific block of content. Adidas did this during a campaign for their Originals series. Male subscribers were shown the menswear collection, and the women were shown the womenswear collection. By doing this, subscribers were exposed to products of the most relevance  to them. Source: https://www.campaignmonitor.com/assets/uploads/2016/02/Personalized-content-sections.gif Here's another version for women: Source: https://www.campaignmonitor.com/assets/uploads/2016/02/Personalized-content-sections.gif Integrate with other sources of data, such as your Facebook Insights data, CRM, or ecommerce platform. This allows you to create richer customer profiles that include things such as behavioral data and purchase history- not just demographics. Segment your email list. Personalization isn't just about delivering personalized content. It’s also about determining what content is most apt for a certain group (also known as targeting or segmentation). Targeted emails result in a 14.32% higher open rate  and 100% higher click rate than non-targeted emails. Marketers have noted that segmented campaigns have brought in 760% more revenue  than non-segmented campaigns. Segmented emails also increase customer retention, and lead to more engagement  and sales. Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Organize an Effective Email Marketing Strategy How to Segment Your List There are several ways to segment your email list; do what makes most sense for your business. For ecommerce shops, here are some ways to segment your email list: New customers Repeat customers Inactive customers (haven't purchased or interacted with the business in a long time) Product interest (by gender category or type of product frequently purchased) Demographics (gender, age, income) Website behavior. Research from Mailchimp shows that segmenting according to online behavior increased email clicks by almost 16% Lead magnet used to sign up What can you learn about #email #marketing from Spotify? Uber Uber often sends emails to alert subscribers of promotions, deals, and news. Whatever the message, their emails are always consistent with their minimalist branding. Part of Uber’s success lies in their strong brand consistency. For one, their emails are designed  simply. There aren't too many busy elements that will distract the reader from the email’s main goal. Having a lot of white space in an email campaign gives the reader a visual break and allows them to focus or zoom into where you want them to be paying attention. Uber’s content is straightforward for the people that skim emails, but they also have a longer version available for those that want to know more about what they're sharing. The short content complements a clear call-to-action  (CTA). Source: https://d3ukzap5f2wa8d.cloudfront.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/23074121/erica-guest-post.png Check out this email newsletter example from @uberWhat You Can Learn from Uber: Keep your email design simple and stay true to your branding. A simple design won’t distract from your CTA. Keep the CTA short and straightforward so that those that receive your emails will immediately take action. Recommended Reading: The Email Copywriting Process You Need to Get More Conversions 8 Ways to Optimize your CTA Use verbs or action-oriented text, and make sure it is interesting. Don't use boring, generic words like â€Å"submit†, â€Å"enter† or â€Å"click here†. Be specific  about the actions you want customers to take, such as â€Å"download the free ebook here!† versus just saying â€Å"download†. Make your CTA short. No one wants to read a long line of text. Campaign Monitor  says 2-3 words are good- try to keep it under 5 or 6. Ensure your CTA is seen. A simple and clean design will help highlight the CTA but you still have to ensure that it is seen. Make it large enough to get noticed but not too large that it would appear obnoxious. Try using a contrasting color to really make it pop. Use the first person. A study from Unbounce showed that changing the CTA from the second person to the first person resulted in a 90% increase  in click-through rate. Try changing â€Å"download your free guide† to â€Å"download my free guide†. Create a sense of urgency. Sales 101: People respond to scarcity and need to be told what to do next, so tell them to â€Å"get it now!†. Have at least two CTAs: one above the fold, and one at the bottom of the email. There will always be people that skim emails, so you want to be able to convert them, too. A/B test to determine which CTA practices work best for you. What can #email #marketers learn from Uber? Buzzfeed Buzzfeed is a company that strives to create content that people want to share. While they are best known for their kick-ass, quirky, and punchy content, their content scope is wide enough to also include some investigative journalism pieces. In an interview with Buzzfeed’s former director of newsletters, Dan Oshinsky, he shares that when he started out at Buzzfeed, it was difficult for readers to subscribe to Buzzfeed’s newsletter, and as a result, there weren’t many subscribers on their email list. To change that, they’ve worked hard to shine the spotlight on the value of opting in to their newsletters,   throughout their entire website. One of the ways they did this was by creating content specifically to promote newsletter signups, like the article, â€Å"19 cute ways the BuzzFeed Animals newsletter will ruin your day.† As a result, they’ve amassed over 1 million subscribers in a year. Although their strategy for getting  subscribers is commendable, what’s more commendable is how they've retained  their email subscribers. They do this through the use of interesting subject lines and preview text. This is important, as 69% of people report emails as spam  based on subject lines alone. Conversely, 35% of people decide to open emails based on subject lines alone. Source: https://dg0i88et9d9ko.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/styles/inline_large/public/buzzfeed-email-example.png?itok=2BpFrWwX Check out this email newsletter example from @BuzzfeedThe aforementioned example involves a slightly weird subject line that will intrigue those who receive the email. Additionally, many of BuzzFeed’s emails are accompanied by interesting preview text related to the subject line. Sometimes, when they use questions as a subject line, these are followed up by answers. For direct commands, like in this next example, the preview text shows the next logical statement: Source: https://blog.hubspot.com/hs-fs/hub/53/file-363501538-png/Blog-Related_Images/buzzfeed_inbox.png?noresizet=1519429416527width=669name=buzzfeed_inbox.png What You Can Learn From Buzzfeed: Have short but interesting subject lines, since there are people that decide to open emails based on subject lines alone. You can follow this up with equally interesting or catchy preview text. Tool Tip: Test every subject line before you hit send with 's Email Subject Line Tester. 3 Ways to Improve Your Subject Lines Personalize them. As mentioned previously, a personalized subject line can increase email opens by 26%. Keep them short. 67% of all emails are opened on mobile devices. Although Mailchimp  found that there is no statistical link between email opens and subject line length, it is recommended that subject lines be 50 characters or less to make it easier for your recipients to read it on their mobile phones. Test subject lines. Many email service providers, such as Mailchimp and Campaign Monitor, provide easy access to A/B testing tools. Read ’s guide on how to write the best email subject lines  for more in-depth information on how to test your email subject lines. What can #email #marketers learn from Buzzfeed? Domino’s According to a Litmus survey, interactive emails are the top trend for email marketing in 2017. Interactive emails allow users to take action within an email that triggers an event within the same email. These interactions can surprise and delight the customers and can take the form of: Quizzes, polls, or surveys Dropdown or navigation within an email A photo gallery, carousel, or video Shopping carts Real-time news updates GIFs As for an example, Domino’s sent subscribers an interactive email to promote their new Italiano range. Making it more interactive made it more fun than just sending in a photo of all five pizzas. Additionally, it invited the users to engage with it. Source: https://www.impactbnd.com/hs-fs/hubfs/E8aFsMipSH.gif?t=1519518876495width=960name=E8aFsMipSH.gif Check out this email newsletter example from @dominosWhat You Can Learn From Domino’s: An interactive email is more fun than the standard fare and invites engagement from your recipients. Making an interactive email does not have to be complicated; you can start off with GIFs. Just make sure that whatever you do is tested across common email clients and is optimized for mobile! Recommended Reading: How to Make an Email Newsletter Your Customers Will Love 3 Ways to Increase Interactivity in Emails Incorporate surveys, polls and reviews. Some travel sites (like Expedia or Booking.com) will send a post-stay survey asking you how your room was. They’ll offer a few choices for you to rate the room, and when you click on the choice, they will ask more questions or direct you to an external website where you can fill out the survey. It’s better to capture survey results from within the email because once you start redirecting to another page, the customer may give up on responding. Combine rewards with your interactive content to motivate customers to open these emails. Send digital scratch,  peel, tear, or sliding cards connected to discounts or freebies. Companies like Zembula  can help you to incorporate interactive email content. This tactic encourages customers to engage with the email before they receive a discount. Include video. Video is expected to comprise 80% of all internet traffic by 2019. At the same time, people are tired of the clutter that too much content brings. Video, as when used in a website, also brings increased click-through rates and ROI when used in email. â€Å"The University of Minnesota has seen as much as a 40% increase in click-through rates  when they include a video in their email newsletters, and Wistia reports a staggering 55% increase!†, reports Colby Cavanaugh, SVP of Marketing for Emma.